Jr. Inter - English - Prose - 5. What Makes a Nation - C. Rajagopalachari

5. What Makes a Nation

C Rajagopalachari

Questions & Answers

1.What is Rajaji’s advice to the students of higher learning?
C. Rajagopalachari gave an inspiring speech at Nagpur Institute of Technology in the year 1948. He was a statesman and an orator. He was very happy to listen to the speech made by a girl student. He thought that a new trend had emerged in the society. Girl students are competing with boys. The youth of India has to maintain good character. They should live up to the standards of India. The country had a great tradition. They should become good bricks in the construction of a nation. Honesty and hard work should be maintained by the students. Straight forwardness is needed at every stage. As we got independence we should accept our responsibility and should make the nation strong.

2.“Citizens of character are future of the nation” support your answer with views of Raja gopalachari.
C. Rajagopalachari, gave an inspiring speech at Nagpur Institute of Technology, in the 1948. He was a statesman and an orator. In his speech given to the students, he stressed upon the need of good character. Citizens with character only could build the nation. They should line up to the standards of India. As they got independence, they should become good bricks to construct a bright future. There should be no competition for positions. They should accept their responsibility as individuals. The path of rectitude should occupy the first place. Leadership is the need of the hour. India could grow like a natural organic body if everybody lived up to the mark. Universities should prepare the students to maintain honesty and straight forwardness. The future of India depends upon the people with character.

3.How can every home become a university according to Rajaji ?
C. Rajagopalachari gave an inspiring speech at Nagpur Institute of Technology, in the year 1948. He was a statesman and an orator. He was very happy with the students who participated in the meeting. He said that the girls were competing with the boys at the university level. According to Rajaji a girl student is equivalent to five boy students. Universities were being opened to give complete freedom of education. If mothers were educated they could educate the whole of the family and so there would be no need of universities. Mother would be the principal of the home and the family should become a university in itself. Character is built up at the house level itself. So according to Rajaji, youth of this country should maintain good character. This would enable the country to grow like an organic body, in future.

Annotations

1.Character is not merely a copy of book ideal. It is the wisest national policy that can be conceived by any statesman.
Context: These lines are taken from the lesson “What Makes a Nation”. In his inspiring speech at the Nagpur Institute of Technology, in the year 1948, Rajaji gave a number of suggestions to the youth. One such advice is given here:
Explanation: According to Rajagopalachari, youth of India should maintain good character. If India has to develop, people should be straight forward in their attitude. Character is not simply a word to note but it depends upon the activity. Character should be with integrity and morality. A statesman has to stress upon it and should guide the people to follow the path of rectitude. It should be useful for the development of the nation. Freedom, which gave the people, a new way of life, should be saved. Thus a glorious future would be in store for the nation.
General Relevance: India’s independence should be guarded by each every citizen of the country. Character is the need of the hour. The real meaning of the word should be known and followed.

2.Mother India wants hard working good boys and good girls.
Context: This passage is taken from the lesson “What makes a nation”. C. Rajagopalachari made an inspiring speech at the Nagpur Institute of Technology in the 1948. While giving suggestions to the students, he spoke about some of the important points to be noted by the students.
Explanation: Rajaji was very happy to listen to the speech delivered by a girl student. He said that the girl students were competing with the boys. The curve of success was in favour of the girls. The speaker wished that both girls and boys should maintain good character. Mother India has to develop through the efforts of good boys and good girls.
General Relevance: Rajagopalachari’s speech has got important advice to the youth. In this sentence he exhorts the students giving valuable suggestions.

3.Unless we are very strenuous in our conduct and honest in our minds, we cannot make a glorious India.
Context: This passage is taken from the lesson “What makes a nation”. C. Rajagopalachari made an inspiring speech at the Nagpur Institute of Technology in the 1948. While giving suggestions to the students, he spoke about some of the important points to be noted by the students.
Explanation: While continuing the speech, the speaker made an appeal to the youth. He suggested that the independence, given recently, should be guarded. Character and conduct should be good. Everybody should understand the responsibility. There should be no selfish ends. We should be honest if we wanted to bring a glorious India. There should be no wrangling or competitive ambitions. We must strive to construct a powerful nation.
General Relevance: The speaker expected that there should be powerful effort by the youth. Then only we can have a glorious country. It becomes strong.

4.Universities are hopes of our national leaders.
Context: This passage is taken from the lesson “What makes a nation”. C. Rajagopalachari made an inspiring speech at the Nagpur Institute of Technology in the 1948. While giving suggestions to the students, he spoke about some of the important points to be noted by the students.
Explanation: While making a speech at the Nagpur Institute of Technology, in his concluding words he pointed out the importance of the universities. Leaders gave preference to education. They started universities to produce educated youth. India’s , independence could be safe guarded only when the culture of this country had been enriched. Honesty and hard work could be maintained by the university student. Everything shall be good and worthy only when the aims of our national leaders become true. Thus the importance of the universities is stressed.
General Relevance: India, at the time of the function, was simply a baby in Independence. Political leaders were trying to develop the country in all the spheres. Universities were also developed, to impart, discipline and to bring awakening in the minds of the people.

Reading Comprehension

I. Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow :

I am seldom considered, though I do more to influence everything about you that virtually any one thing in your life. I often control the time you get up in the morning, the time you go to sleep, what you eat and drink and the very thought that runs through your head. I can make you happy or sad, loving or hateful, cheerful or remorseful, congenial or spiteful and in doing so, control the very capacity that you have for success. Often at times unable to find anyone else to blame you look for shortcomings within yourself on which to lay the blame. When my impact on your life fully is considered in your every thought and action, when you are mindful of my awesome power, when you nurture and groom me for positive use in your life, I can become more contagious than the most prolific disease ever witnessed by man. My influence will spread to every person you come in contact with. Groomed and nurtured in a positive manner there will be no person or obstacle that can stand in the way of my success or fail to be impacted for the better. ‘I am Your Attitude’.

Questions and Answers:

1. ‘I’ refers to whom?
I refers to ‘Attitude’.
2. What do you seek when you fail to blame anyone?
Short comings within myself.
3. Write the antonym of the word ‘cheerful’.
Gloomy.
4. Find the word in the passage which means, 'infectious'.
‘Contagious’.
5. The tone of the passage is
  a) Laudatory or positive appreciation
  b) Nostalgic
  c) Satirical
Answer: a) Laudatory or positive appreciation

II. Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow :

Whenever I hold a strategic planning session, the first value that all the executives agree on is integrity. Leaders know that honesty and integrity are the foundations of leadership. Leaders stand up for what they believe in. For example, Jon Huntsman is a multi-billionaire who started a chemical company from scratch and grew it into a $12 billion enterprise. His book, Winners Never Cheat, is filled with stories taken from his own experience in which he steadfastly refused to compromise his principles. Huntsman says that integrity is the reason that he has been as successful as he is. “There are, basically, three kinds of people, the unsuccessful, the temporarily successful, and those who become and remain successful. The difference is character” — he writes. Leaders with integrity are not afraid to face the truth. This is called the reality principle, or “seeing the world as it really is, not as you wish it to be.” It is perhaps the most important pirnciple of leadership and dependent on integrity because it demands truthfulness and honesty.

Questions and Answers :

1. What are the foundations of leadership ?
Honesty and integrity.
2. What is the title of the book written by Jon Huntsman ?
“Winners Never Cheat”
3. Name the three kinds of people mentioned in the passage.
The unsuccessful, the temporarily successful, those who become successful and remain successful.
4. Write the adjective form of the word ‘truth’.
True.
5. The author emphasizes the importance of ___(choose the right option)
  a) honesty and integrity
  b) success
  c) leadership:
Answer: c) leadership

Jr. Inter - English - Prose - 4. Disaster Management - Adapted by Dr. A. Madhavi Latha

4. Disaster Management

Disaster Management

Questions & Answers

1.How do you define disaster management and name some natural disasters ?
A. Madhavi Latha compiled the particulars of disaster management in the essay ‘Disaster Management’. It is informative and useful. Disaster management is a situation in which we encounter the disturbed and uncontrollable have caused by calamities. Disasters can be divided into two. Natural disasters and man made disasters. Disasters like Tsunamis, Floods, Hurricanes, Earthquakes, Volcano eruptions etc are called the natural disasters. One cannot control these disasters but one has to utilise the sources to withstand the havoc caused by this. It can be called disaster management.

2.Illustrate the difference between natural disasters and man made disasters.
Dr. A . Madhavi Latha compiled the particulars of disaster management in the essay “Disaster Management”. It is informative and useful. Disaster Management is a situation in which we encounter the disturbances and uncontrollable havoc caused by calamities. Natural disasters are caused by nature itself. Tsunamis, Floods, Hurricanes, Earthquakes, Volcano eruptions and such others happen because of the movements of the universe. They cannot be controlled and no one can be blamed for these things. They happen in their own way and the only way is to manage them accordingly. But man made disasters are different. Gas leakages, Oil spills, Nuclear problems, Industrial fire accidents are caused because of the negligence and carelessness. Bhopal gas leakage caused deaths and disorders. Oil spills from various oil refineries, nuclear problems caused by mismanagement, Fire accidents in industrial areas are some of the man made disasters. Such disasters could be controlled by man, if he is a bit careful, NMDA and other institutions are doing the needful.

3. Write about Bhopal gas leak disaster.
Dr. A. Madhavi Latha compiled the particulars of diaster management in the essay “Disaster Management’. It is informative and useful. There are two kinds of disasters we experience in our day to day life, Natural disasters and Man made disasters. One of the man made disasters is Bhopal Gas leak disaster. It was a gruesome situation created by this leakage. It happened because of human failure in managing the technology. In the year 1984, Poisonous gas from a business concern in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh was leaked. 50,000 people were affected by it. There were severe problems with lungs, eyes and skin. Many people became disabled. Some of the sufferers are alive to-day. This gruesome situation was caused because of negligence and carelessness. The Bhopal Gas leakage disaster, should become a warning for future times.

4. What are the necessary steps that NIDM is taking up to manage disaster ?
Dr. A. Madhavi Latha compiled the particulars of disaster Management in the essay “Disaster Management”. It is informative and useful. Disaster management is essential. Through natural disasters and man made disasters the world is in a havoc. So disaster management, is being maintained by some institutions like NIDM. Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery is organising machinery for planning and policy making. NIDM incollaboration with the World Bank offers online courses for disaster management. Awareness and preparedness, along with skills and competency is the main aim of this institute. There are many centres to help the Indian people in attaining knowledge in this area. Thus they help us to have the view of prevention, preparedness and mitigation.

Annotations

1. India is one of the most disaster prone countries in the world.
Context: This line is taken from the essay “Disaster Management” compiled by Dr. A. Madhavi Latha. It is about disaster management. The essay is informative and useful.
Explanation: In the beginning of the essay, the writer points out that India’s geographical features are fitting to get natural disasters. Tsunamis, Floods, Hurricanes, Earthquakes and others are caused by natural calamities. There is a vast coastline around the country. Natural disasters occur because of the imbalance in ecosystem and they are very much possible at the sea side. Bay of Bengal and Arabian sea cause this disaster and so there are frequent disasters.
Explanation: It is natural that the oceans move according to the weather and other changes inside. One has to know that India is disaster related land. So disaster management is essential here.

2. India Meteorological Department has strengthened India’s capacity to prepare for and cope with disasters.
Context: This line is taken from the essay “Disaster Management” compiled by Dr. A. Madhavi Latha. It is about disaster management. The essay is informative and useful. .
Explanation: The writer gives a definition for disaster management. Then she wants to tell about the Meteorological Department. Disaster management is a great subject useful for the whole of the world. NIDM was started and some important steps to have awareness, preparedness and mitigation have been take up. Forecast and warning information are given to save people in havoc. Software application also is arranged by these institutions. So this department is doing a lot for the disaster management.
General Relevance: When there is a problem for the people, it is to be addressed by the government. Here the Meteorological department of the government of this country is working for the safety of the people and so it leads an important role in disaster management.

3.Tsunami-genic earthquake was one of the ten worst earthquakes in recorded history and was also single worst Tsunami in History.
Context: This line is taken from the essay “Disaster Management” compiled by Dr. A. Madhavi Latha. It is about disaster management. The essay is informative and useful.
Explanation: While elaborating the topic of Tsunami’, the writer gives a clear picture of the tidal wave. The earthquake of 2004 which was called Tsunami, had a mysterious history of its own. It was one of the worst Tsunamis, so far experienced. It was beyond the assessment of the experts. The warning system could not sense it. There after it led the department to establish advanced technology for safety. Many countries were alerted because of this. If stands in the history as the worst ever experienced Tsunami.
General Relevance: The loss by the Tsunami disaster was really a shock for the experts ever. Many countries were hit badly and it awakened all. It has become a historical affect to mankind.

4. National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) online courses are the first of its kind in India and help different users in acquiring knowledge in the subject.
Context: This line is taken from the essay “Disaster Management” compiled by Dr. A. Madhavi Latha. It is about disaster management. The essay is informative and useful.
Explanation: The writer concludes that disaster management is taken up on a large scale and certain institutions also were started to be useful in this field. One such institute is the NIDM. The main aim of this organisation is to educate people with information needed for disaster management. For this the institute arranged online courses giving knowledge about these calamities. It is the first one arranged by any such welfare institute. Not only India but also several other countries are being benefited by this arrangement. This shows the importance of the disaster management at each level.
General Relevance: Institutions arranged to bring down the disastrous conditions, do a lot of service to the people. Such arrangements are to be encouraged by the government.

Reading Comprehensions

I. Read the passage given below and answer the questions.

The National Disaster Management Authority has been constituted under the Disaster Management, Act 2005, with the Prime Minister of India as its Chairman; a Vice Chairman with the status of Cabinet Minister, and eight members with the status of Ministers of State. With well-defined functional domains for each of its members and concern to carry out the mandated functions, NDMA has evolved into a lean and professional organization which is IT-enabled and knowledge based specialists are extensively used to address disaster related issues. A functional and operational infrastructure has been built, which is appropriate for disaster management involving uncertainties coupled with desired plans of action. NDMA also has the National Disaster Management Operations Centre which will be equipped with a state-of-the-art-resilient and redundant communication systems, NDMA also carries out the tasks of capacity development, training and knowledge management.

Questions and Answers

1. Under which Act is Disaster Management Authority constituted ?
Disaster Management Act, 2005.
2. Who is generally the chairman of Disaster Management Authority ?
The Prime Minister of India.
3. How many Ministers of the state can be members of NDMA ?
Eight Ministers of state can be the members of NDMA.
4. What are the aspects that the NDMA secretariat deals with ?
It deals with tasks of capacity development, training and knowledge management.
5. What part of speech of the word ‘extensively’.
Adverb.

II. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

The ‘Swachh Bharat Abhiyan’ is a massive mass movement that seeks to create a Clean India. To accelerate the efforts to achieve universal sanitation coverage and to put focus on sanitation, the Prime Minister of India, launched the Swachh Bharat Mission on 2 October 2014. The Mission Co-ordinator shall be Secretary, Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MDWS) with two Sub-Missions-the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) and the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban). The Mission aims to achieve a Swachh Bharat by 2019, ‘Swachchata’ (cleanliness) of our motherland as a fitting tribute to Mahatma Gandhi on his 150th brith anniversary.
Hon’ble Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh has established Swachha Andhra Corporation (SAC) which was incorporated from 1st May 2015 with a goal to achieve the campaign “Swachh Bharat Mission”. The main aim is to eliminating open defecation, eradication of manual scavenging, Solid and Liquid Waste Management, Information, Education and Communication and Capacity Building activities to maintain the cleanliness and hygiene in urban and rural areas of Andhra Pradesh. Swachha Andhra Corporation is taking up the activities of construction of Individual Household Toilets, Community Toilets and Public Toilets.
Sources : 1. http://sac.ap.gov.in/sác/
                2. https://swachhbharat.mygov.in/basic-page/take-pledge

Questions and Answers

1. What are the two, Sub-Missions of Swachh Bharat Mission ?
The Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) and the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban).
2. What is the best tribute that we can pay to Mahatma Gandhi ?
Swachchata (cleanliness) of the motherland is a fitting tribute that we can pay.
3. What is the goal of Swachh Andhra Corporation ?
The goal is to achieve the campaign “Swachh Bharat Mission”.
4. Write the antonym of ‘liquid’ from the above passage.
Solid.
5. Pick out the relevant synonym for ‘hygiene’
Cleanliness.

Jr. Inter - English - Prose - 3. Digital Technologies - Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam & Dr. YS Rajan

3. Digital Technologies

APJ Abdul Kalam

Y S Rajan

Questions & Answers

1. How does Information Technology, according to Abdul Kalam and Rajan, change the agriculture sector ?

APJ Abdul Kalam and Y.S.Rajan wrote the essay “Digital Technologies”. They have a vision for India in all its development. Digital technology is useful to develop the sectors of Agriculture, Industry and Service. Agriculture sector should use Information Technology more intensity. Monitoring the crops, soil conditions, water resources, better weather forecasts, marketing of the products should be connected with these new technologies. Then only agriculture can be developed to make India self sufficient.

2. Satellite Navigational System is going to transform marketing logistics in a complete way. How do the writers explain this ?
APJ Abdul Kalam and Y.S.Rajan wrote the ‘essay “Digital Technologies”. They have a vision for India in its allround development. Digital technology is useful to develop the sectors of Agriculture, Industry and Service. Installation of Information Technology systems change the marketing logistics’. In the field of Banking and Insurance, a national network would help. ATM, credit cards, electronic fund transfer etc make banking more effective“. Even in the rural areas these systems can be introduced. User friendliness, greater reliability, lower energy consumption, lower pollution are to be introduced through satellite system. Large global data and communication links are available” with the help of satellite navigational system and it transforms the marketing logistics.

3. Why Marketing communication is crucial in the economic development of the country?
APJ Abdul Kalam and Y.S.Rajan wrote the essay “Digital Technology”. They have a vision for India in its all-round development. Digital Technology is useful to develop in all Spheres. Marketing communication involves digitalisation. Proper management of this, will enable the country develop in the economic field. User friendliness, greater reliability lower energy consumption, lower pollution are wrought by satellite based I.T. systems. New ways of packing the material are to be adopted. We have to look to other countries and advance with new technology. New ways of packing the material have to be adopted. Distribution system should be modernised. Large global data bases and communication links are to be introduced. Then only the country can flourish and develop economically.

4. What is cultural or knowledge oriented tourism ?
APJ Abdul Kalam and Y.S.Rajan wrote the essay “Digital Technologies”. They have a vision for India in its development. Digital technology is useful in all its spheres. According to the authors, in tourism also, these should be radical changes. There are many tourist spots in India. Tajmahal, Goa, the beautiful Northeast, the Deserts, the Himalayas and others attract tourists. But tourism should be cultural or knowledge oriented. The spots have cultural importance. These is a great knowledge behind the visit of these places. All the knowledge and cultural importance should be given sufficiently early to the tourists. It is possible only when we use digital technology properly. The person who visits the spot, with some knowledge of the importance of the place, shall be satisfied. He thinks that his tourist journey is knowledge oriented and he is in touch with the culture of the country.

Annotations

1. Rapid improvements in advanced sensors would make it possible to have such sensing systems at affordable prices in many of our sectors.
Context: These lines are taken from the lesson ‘Digital Technologies’ written by APJ Abdul Kalam and Y.S. Rajan. Technology has developed and many changes exist in our daily life. Here it explains how the sensing systems are useful, in different fields.
Explanation: According to the authors Digital Technology is fast developing. It should be utilised in the sectors of Agriculture, Industry and Service. Information technology should be used more intensively. Weather forecasts, monitoring of crops and soil conditions and marketing of the products should be connected with the new technologies. In courses of time expenditure on this technology shall be cheap also. Installation of I.T. Systems shall make the transactions easier.
General Relevance: Rapid improvement of technology brings advanced type of amenities. Through satellites also, we can get a lot of support in this area.

2. Some modern technologies like Automated Teller Machines (ATM), automatic cheque clearing systems, telephonic banking, credit cards, and electronic fund transfers are being introduced in a small way and will be prevalent in most of the banks in the coming years.
Context: These lines are taken from the lesson ‘Digital Technologies’ written by APJ Abdul Kalam and Y.S. Rajan. Technology has developed and many changes exist in our daily life. Here it explains how the sensing systems are useful, in different fields.
Explanation: While explaining, how the technology of information, has emerged, the authors give some examples in this field. ATM, automatic cheque clearing systems, credits cards and others has come into use. These systems are being brought to villages also. Much time is saved. Banking and Insurance fields are also developed by the new technology. In course of time these systems also shall be enhanced to the whole of the country. I.T. shall improves banking and insurance system also.
General Relevance: Digital Technology is a new invention and it is being developed in all the spheres. We should have this new technology involved in all the fields. Information Technology is with great importance in modern times.

3.Coming to packing, wherever possible we can avoid the older route of plastics, though they are necessary for some products. Bio – degradable tapioca – linked paper packages have been developed in our country.
Context: These lines are taken from the lesson ‘Digital Technologies’ written by APJ Abdul Kalam and Y.S. Rajan. Technology has developed and many changes exist in our daily life. Here, it helps how the new trend of packing should be adopted.
Explanation: Information Technology is useful to bring a new face to our business. New technology has brought new applications in the fields of Agriculture industry and communications. A new way of packing is also taking place as days pass by. The use of plastics has to be given up. A new production tapioca has been brought into use. It is different from the plastic material. It is degradable after some time and the problem of plastics, shall be rooted out.
General Relevance: As years roll by new trend and traditions come into effect. New way of packing is described here in this passage.

4. Multi presentations can be made available in most tourist spots on the music, culture, history, biodiversity and other features of that could open by giving foreign tourists’. glimpses of such information, including local maps, by electronic mail even as they are planning their trips.
Context: These lines are taken from the lesson ‘Digital Technologies’ is written by APJ Abdul Kalam and Y.S. Rajan. Technology has developed and many changes exist in our daily life. Here it explain show the technology systems bring a change in the application of day to day events is given there.
Explanation: Information Technology brought a considerable change in every walk of life. A long with Agriculture, business and marketing, tourism also has got a new touch. Presenting the places through digital technology, developing modern trends in music, culture, history, electronic mail of the maps etc made the department more attractive. Now-a-days tourists are given information through advanced systems. Thus tourism becomes meaningful. They plan it sufficiently early through I.T.
General Relevance: Digital Technology has become important in the business of tourism also. Whole of the world is aware of all the tourist sports now-a-days on digital illustrations.

Reading Comprehensions

I. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow :

Ministry of Human Resource Development under its National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology has initiated the National Digital Library of India (NDL India) pilot project to develop a framework of virtual repository of learning resources with a single-window search facility. Filtered and federated searching is employed to facilitate focused searching so that learners can find out the right resource with least effort and in minimum time. NDL India is designed to hold content of any language and provides interface support for leading Indian languages (currently Hindi and Bengali). It is being arranged to provide support for all academic levels including researchers and life-long learners, all disciplines, all popular form of access devices and differently-abled learners. It is being developed to help students to prepare for entrance and competitive examination, to enable people to learn and prepare from best practices from all over the world and to facilitate researchers to perform inter-linked exploration from multiple sources. The pilot project is devising a framework that is being scaled up with respect to content volume and diversity to serve all levels and disciplines of learners. It is being developed at IIT Kharagpur.

Questions & Answers

1. What is the passage about ?
Educational through Information and Communication Technology.
2. NDL means —-
National Digital Library of India.
3. Which languages does NDL support currently ?
Hindi and Bengali.
4. Find a word from the passage that means ‘search’.
Exploration.
5. Who has developed the pilot project of the NDL ?

Ministry of Human Resource Development.

II. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

In a country with more than 6,50,000 villages, where more than half of its population live in rural areas and villages. Most are remote and too isolated to benefit form the country’s impressive economic progress. Yet there’s a growing desire among people in rural Indią to be part of the modern Digital India. But the last-mile delivery has always been a challenge for India due to low technology literacy among the rural citizens.
The need for digital literacy in a country as populous and diverse as India is critical. If it is used for education, health care, citizen services, financial services, or any other basic need, technology and connectivity, it can make a huge difference to the socio-economic levels of a community, and ultimately to the country, since true progress comes from inclusive growth. Digital Literary plays a vital role in e-services like e-commerce, e-governance, e-panchayat, e-learning, etc. in current scenario, technology is becoming an inevitable part of our daily life, be it using mobile phones, drawing cash form ATM machines, booking a railway ticket etc. Hence, there is a need that every individual in the country must be equipped with necessary skills so as to use the technology with responsibility. The definition of who is considered a literate or educated has evolved over time and it is not complete without Digital Literacy. Digital Literacy, according to the popular definition is the ability to locate, organize, understand; evaluate, and create information using digital technology.

Questions & Answers

1. What is meant by digital literacy ?
It is the ability to locate, organize, understand, evaluate and create information using digital technology.
2.Give any two examples for e-services ?
Examples : ATM machine.
3.Which one of the following is not true ?
a. More than half of India’s population live in cities.
b. More than half of India’s population live in rural areas and villages.
c. Most of the Indian villages are remote and isolated.
Answer: b. More than half of India’s population live in rural areas and villages.
4.What is the noun form of the word ‘inevitable?
Inevitability.
5.Find a word in the passage that means as the word ‘countryside?
Rural.

Jr. Inter - English - Prose - 2. She Conquered Everest - Compiled by Dr. B. Sowjanya

2. She Conquered Everest 

Arunuma Sinha

Questions & Answers

 1. Why was Arunima Sinha desperately trying to get into a job?
Dr. B. Sowjanya compiled the particulars of Arunima Sinha. Being the resident of a small district in U.P. Arunima Sinha studied Law. Her father died when she was at the age of 3 years. Her brother in law advised her try for a job in the parliamentary force of the army but she could not get it. Then she applied for a job in Central Industrial Security Force. As the date of birth was noted wrongly, she could not get this job also. She was left in a desperate mood. Some how she wanted to correct the error and so she was on a journey to Delhi, by train. In the train some criminals threw him away over the other railway track, which made her physically challenged.

2. Describe the incident that led to the amputation of the left leg of Arunima. Describe the way she was treated after she was found beside the tracks.
Dr. B. Sowjanya compiled the particulars of Arunima Sinha. She was the resident of U.P. State. As she studied law, being a sports girl, she applied for a job in Central Industrial Security Force. As the date of birth was wrongly entered, she wanted to go to Delhi to correct the error. There, in the train journey, some robbers tried to take away a gold ornament. She fought against them bravely. The criminals caught hold of her and threw her out of the carriage. She fell on the other track. A train ran over her left leg. She was admitted into a hospital. They decided to cut her left leg. But there was no anesthesia. Yet, the brave girl asked them to amputate. Her left leg was cut and the right leg was supported by a rod. She was given the best treatment at AIIMS. Her body recovered quickly to the surprise of everybody, She decided to scale the Everest.

3. Did Arunima lose hope while she was on the hospital bed ? What made her take such a huge decision of climbing a mountain with an amputated leg ?
Dr. B. Sowjanya compiled the particulars of the life of Arunima Sinha. She was thrown out of the and fell on the other track. A train went over her left leg. She was admitted in to the hospital. Eventhough there was no anesthesia, she asked them to amputate the leg. Ajay Maken, the sports minister helped her and admitted her at AIIMS. She got good treatment. Though she was amputated, though her right leg had a rod, she did not lose her hope. She thought that one day she would prove what happened to her. She decided to climb the Everest. She had will power and pursued the matter. She reached the Summit on 21st May 2013. In spite of all the pain, fear and anxiety she succeeded in her effort and showed her courage.

4. What are the difficulties faced by Arunima while climbing Everest ? What do you learn from her story ?
Dr. B. Sowjanya compiled the particulars of the life of Arunima Sinha, with the title. She Conquered Everest. Arunima Sinha got her left leg amputated and a rod was inserted in the right leg. She had firm decision to go over the Everest. She did a basic course in mountaineering. She took the blessings of Bachendripal. As she started climbing the mountain, the ankle and heel were swiveling. She was losing grip. There was severe pain in the other leg. At a height of 3500 feet, on the death zone, there were many dead bodies and she was not afraid of the situation. Eventhough oxygen was less in quantity, she moved forward and reached the summit on 21st May 2013. Even after that she was in a critical position. Her helper brought a new cylinder of oxygen and thus she could survive. The confidence and courage saved her. From her life, everybody should learn that all the obstructions could be put aside when there is a strong will and continuous effort.

Annotations

1. She hung up her boots for a while and although she was a law graduate, she was facing the brunt of unemployment.
Context: This passage is taken from the prose lesson “She Conquered Everest”. Which was compiled by Dr. B. Sowjanya. It is about the courageous lady Arunima Sinha and her life ambition.
Explanation: Arunima Sinha studied law. She was a cyclist and a player of Football as well as volley ball. She needed a job but with the law graduation she could not get a job. For some time she was away from sports and tried to get a job. She suffered because of unemployment.
General Relevance: It is natural to find difficulties in the life of an individual. Similarly Arunima Sinha suffered with unemployment and she could come out of this problem in a mysterious way.

2.The compartment was full of people, but no one came to the rescue of the girl being robbed and attacked.
Context: This passage is taken from the prose lesson “She Conquered Everest”. Which was compiled by Dr. B. Sowjanya. It is about the courageous lady Arunima Sinha and her life ambition.
Explanation: Arunima Sinha had a problem about her date of birth. She wanted to correct it and so started for Delhi, to set it right. In the compartment of the train, some criminals tried to snatch her gold chain. She was brave and fought against them. The people in the compartment did not come to the rescue of Arunima. They were afraid of the robbers and so he had to fight against them. She was caught up by the criminals and was thrown out of the compartment. She fell on the other track. Simultaneously her left leg was run over by a train. She became a physically challenged girl.
General Relevance: The Society, nowadays does not care for others. People are selfish and here, even though there are sufficient number of people, they did not help her. This line describes the selfish nature of the people.

3. “Someday I will prove, without a doubt, the truth of what happened to me.”
Context: This passage is taken from the prose lesson “She Conquered Everest”. Which was compiled by Dr. B. Sowjanya. It is about the courageous lady Arunima Sinha and her life ambition.
Explanation: Arunima Sinha was injured in her train journey to Delhi. She was thrown on the other track, by the criminals. A train ran over her left leg. She was amputated. She was in the hospital bed for recovery. A rod was inserted in her right leg. In spite of all this, she had a firm opinion to withstand the challenge. She said that she would one day come out of the calamity and would prove to be successful. In her words, she expressed her inner passion to scale the Everest. Anyhow she was successful.
General Relevance: To reach the goal in one’s life is a great thing. But it involves a lot of effort. The obstructions could not deter her decision and she climbed the mountain. Many people were amazed at this deed.

4. Her oxygen was critically low and her Sherpa warned her that she might lose her life.
Context: This passage is taken from the prose lesson “She Conquered Everest”. Which was compiled by Dr. B. Sowjanya. It is about the courageous lady Arunima Sinha and her life ambition.
Explanation: Arunima Sinha, the amputee was on her way to the summit of the Everest. In spite of all the trouble and pain, she could cross the death zone also at a height of 3500 feet. She was not afraid of the dead bodies on the ground. By that time the oxygen was very low and so she was advised by her helper, sherpa, to be careful. Somehow she moved forward and erected the Indian flag on the summit on 21st May 2013. Thereafter she was saved by her helper who supplied a new cylinder of oxygen.
General Relevance: These lines show how an adventurous individual, encounters problems till the end of the trial. Arunima Sinha reached almost the summit but the oxygen seemed to be not sufficient. She did not hesitate to move forward and proved her efficiency.

Reading Comprehensions

I. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

When he was born everyone ‘advised’ his parents to get rid of the kid as he was blind. But his parents, who were not affluent by any counts, chose to take care of him, that too, to the best of their abilities and gave him education. Forbes has named him in the list of super achievers from Asia under the age of 30 but visually challenged Srikanth Bolla is in no mood to celebrate. His goal is to get into the Forbes list of richest persons – and he won’t settle for anything less.
Such is the determination of the 25 year – old, who was born blind and overcame all adversities to become the first international blind student at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and now heads a Rs 30 crore ($4.6 million) company.
Visiting manufacturing plants in different locations in Telangana and Karnataka, attending business meetings and, in between, troubleshooting over the phone, the CEO of Bollant Industries is a busyman.
Born in a family of farmers in Machilipatnam in Andhra Pradesh, life has been one long struggle for him. After passing his Class 10 exam he chose the science stream for the plus-two stage but was not permitted to write the Joint Entrance Exam for IIT aspirants as he was blind.
“I said when IIT doesn’t want me, I don’t want IIT either. Let me find the best opportunity in the world – better than IIT. MIT being the top school in the world, I always wanted to go there and I went there”, said Srikanth, who has B.Sc., in management from MIT.

Questions & Answers

1. What did people advise the parents of Srikanth when he was born ?
People advised the parents of Srikanth to get rid of the kid as he was blind.
2.What is the goal of Srikanth ?
Srikanth’s goal is to get into the Forbes list of richest persons.
3. Why did Srikanth decided to study in MIT ?
because it was the top school in the world.
4.Write the antonym of ‘permit’.
Reject.
5.Answer ‘True’ or ‘False’.
Srikanth missed a great chance because he could not take the Joint Entrance Exam for IIT.
False.

II. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Yuvraj Singh is one of the most phenomenal cricketers who have redefined winning over struggle. Since the year 2000, this Punjab boy is the reason for many victories of India. His personal life and his struggle with the dreaded disease cancer is an inspiration for all of us. He is also one of the players who is honored with Arjuna award and has been declared Man of the Tournament in the 2011 ICC Cricket World Cup.
Yuvraj Singh made a comeback to India national cricket team (ODI squad). after a lengthy period earlier this year, and fared average. The cricketer, also known for entrepreneurial initiatives and his charity work, says cricket will always be a priority in his life but he also tries to inspire young people with his story.
He made India proud by hitting six sixes off an over in 2007, and was part of the Indian cricket team when they won World Cup 2011. But the turning point came in his life when he battled cancer in 2012. Yuvraj found a new meaning to life after the hardship.
“Earlier on in my career, it was more about cricket and now it is being more about inspiring people to come out of the adversity and create examples… Since my treatment, things have changed a lot for me.”

Questions & Answers

1. What is the struggle that Yuvraj Singh won over?
His struggle with the dreaded disease “cancer”.
2. Yuvraj is honored with award.
Arjuna Award.
3. What is the best feat by Yuvraj in his cricket career ?
He hit six sixes off an over in 2007.
4. Give a synonym of ‘adversity’.
Distress.
5. Find the word from the passage which means ‘very remarkable or highly extraordinary.
Phenomenal.

Jr. Inter - English - Prose - 1. Abraham Lincoln's Letter to His Son's Teacher - Abraham Lincoln

 1. Abraham Lincoln’s Letter to His Son’s Teacher

Abraham Lincoln

Questions and Answers

1. How is the teacher expected to inculcate honesty and worldly wisdom in the child ?
Abraham Lincoln wrote a letter to the teacher of his son. Hiš letter is filled with a number of suggestions to the teacher. The teacher should prepare the boy to tackle wars, tragedy and sorrow. He should have faith, love and courage in life. A friend should be seen in an enemy. Victory and failures are natural in this world. His behaviour with others should be gentle. Cynicism should not be encouraged. The boy must have faith in himself. He should not blindly follow the crowd. Thus honesty and worldly wisdom could be seen in a child.

2.How can the teacher instill faith, love and courage in Lincoln’s son?
Abraham Lincoln wrote a letter to the teacher of his son. His letter is filled with a number of suggestions to the teacher. The teacher should be careful in his dealing with the boy. The boy should be adventurous. He should know that a friend should be seen in an enemy. His behaviour with others should be gentle. Cynicism should not be encouraged. He must be adventurous to tackle wars, tragedy and sorrow. Faith in himself leads to faith in mankind. Thus faith, love and courage could be instiled in Lincoln’s son.

3.What should the teacher do to help the child tackle good and evil in the world?
Abraham Lincoln wrote a letter to the teacher of his son. His letter is filled with a number of suggestions to the teacher. The teacher should prepare the boy to tackle wars, tragedy and sorrow. The world is filled with many things both good and bad. There are enemies but the boy should find a friend in an enemy. There is no shame? in failures. There is mystery in the creation of this world. The boy should not blindly follow the crowd. He should understand good and evil of the things and follow the path of truth. He should have courage to tackle challenges in life. Thus the teacher’s role is important.

Annotations

1. “It is all going to be strange and new to him for a while and I wish you would treat him gently”.
Context: This passage is taken from the lesson “Abraham Lincoln’s Letter to his Son’s Teacher”, written by Abraham Lincoln, the noted 16th President of the U.S.A. It is about his appeal to a teacher in instructing a boy of tender age.
Explanation: In the beginning of the letter, the author introduces the boy to the teacher. He tells that his son is innocent and is going to join the school. The school routine is new to him and thus he is afraid of the new atmosphere. He is happy at home with the parents but he has to accustom to the new life. So, he advises the teacher to treat the boy gently and affectionately. The boy can adjust to the environment slowly. Lincoln expresses his views about child psychology.
General Relevance: It is natural for a child to show aversion to go to school. If there is no encouragement at school, the child shall be spoiled. So Lincoln gives an interesting appeal to the teachers in general.

2.“Teach him to learn how to gracefully lose and enjoy Winning when he does win”.
Context: These lines are taken from the lesson “Abraham Lincoln’s Letter to his Son’s Teacher’, written by Abraham Lincoln, the noted 16th President of the U.S.A. It is about his appeal to the teacher, in instructing a boy of tender age.
Explanation: The author advises the teacher to be careful in his dealing with the boy. The boy should have development in all spheres of life. He should tackle wars, tragedy and sorrow. Victory and failures are natural in this world. The boy must have self confidence. He should not be disheartened when he loses. When he wins, he should feel joy and satisfaction. This will make him honest and self reliant.
General Relevance: In this world, life is a blend of both success and failure. One should take the both equally. It is natural for one to get both these experiences. He should show right response to the occasion.

3. “There can be glory in failure and despair in success”.
Context: These lines are taken from the lesson “Abraham Lincoln’s Letter to His Son’s Teacher”, written by Abraham Lincoln, the noted 16th President of the U.S.A. It is about his appeal to the teacher in instructing a boy of tender age.
Explanation: The author advises the teacher to be careful in his dealing with the boy. The boy should have development in all spheres of life. There are many ups and downs in life. Victory and failures are natural in this world. The teacher should prepare the boy to tackle the situation. The boy should know that a failure is always glorious and success sometimes may lead to despair also. So he should be ready to be practical in his life.
General Relevance: The letter is a general appeal to the teachers. The boy should be ready to bear the difficulties and expect a success in course of time. Similarly he should know that a success may also lead to despair, after wards.

4.“Teach him to have faith in his own ideas, even if everyone tells him they are wrong”.
Context: This passage is taken from the lesson “Abraham Lincoln’s Letter to His Son’s Teacher” written by Abraham Lincoln, the noted 16th President of the U.S.A. It is about his appeal to the teacher, in instructing a boy of tender age.
Explanation: The author advises the teacher to be careful in his dealing with the boy. The boy must become an individual having complete knowledge of the world. He should know the mystery’ in the creation of birds, bees and flowers. He should be a dependent upon himself. He should not blindly follow the crowds. After listening to everybody, he should conclude himself to do whatever he wants to do. Thus he should become an individual with virtue.
General Relevance: It is general for one to consider the opinion of the crowds, but a teacher, according to the author, should guide the boy in the right direction to decide the way for himself. A boy should become resolute in his decisions.

Reading Comprehensions

I. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

Bapuji is in prison, but the magic of his message has stolen the hearts of Indians in millions. Men and Women, and even little children, come out of their little shells and become India’s soldiers of freedom. You and I are fortunate to see this happening before our eyes and to take some part ourselves in this great drama. What part shall we play in it ? If we are to be Indian’s soldiers we have to respect India’s honour, and that honour is a sacred trust. It is no easy matter to decide what is right and what is not. One little test I shall ask you to apply whenever you are in doubt. Never do anything in secret or anything that you wish to hide. For the desire to hide anything means that you are afraid and fear is a bad thing and unworthy of yours. Be brave and all the rest follows.

Questions and Answers :

1.What has stolen the hearts of India’s millions ?
Bapuji’s magic message has stolen the hearts of Indians in millions.
2. Who have become the India’s soldiers of freedom ?
Men, women and little children became soldiers of freedom.
3. Identify the word in the passage that means ‘lucky’.
Fortunate.
4.What is India’s sacred trust ?
India’s honour.
5.Why should one not do things in secret ?
Doing things in secret means that, we are afraid of doing. Fear is a bad thing.

II. Read the following passage and answer the questions given below.

The capitalist system of society does not foster healthy relations among human beings. A few people own all the means of production and others-though nominally few have to sell their labour under conditions imposed upon them. The emphasis of capitalism being on the supreme importance of material wealth the intensity of its appeal is to the acquisitive intensity. It promotes worship of economic power with little regard to the means employed for its acquisition and the end that it serves. By its exploitation of human beings to the limits of endurance its concentration is on the largest profit rather than maximum production. Thus the division of human family is done on the basis of economic circumstance. All this is injurious to division of human dignity. And when the harrowed poor turn to the founders of religion for succor, they rather offer a subtle defense for the established order. They promise future happiness for their present suffering and conjure up visions of paradise to redress the balance to soothe the suffering and the revolt of the tortured men. The system imposes injustice, the religion justifies it.

Questions and Answers :

1.Does the capital system maintain healthy relations ?
No, it does not maintain healthy relations.
2.Which promotes the worship of economic power ?
The emphasis of capitalism.
3.On what basis is the division of human family done ?
On the basis of economic circumstance.
4.What is the antonym for ‘impose’ ?
Remit.
5.What justifies the injustice imposed by the system ?
Religions.